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but condemns him to discharge that to himself

  • 1 absolvo

    ab-solvo, vi, ūtum, 3, v. a., to loosen from, to make loose, set free, detach, untie (usu. trop., the fig. being derived from fetters, qs. a vinculis solvere, like vinculis exsolvere, Plaut. Truc. 3, 4, 10).
    I.
    Lit. (so very rare):

    canem ante tempus,

    Amm. 29, 3:

    asinum,

    App. M. 6, p. 184; cf.:

    cum nodo cervicis absolutum,

    id. ib. 9, p. 231:

    valvas stabuli,

    i. e. to open, id. ib. 1, p. 108 fin.:

    absoluta lingua (ranarum) a gutture,

    loosed, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To release from a long story, to let one off quickly: Paucis absolvit, ne moraret diutius, Pac. ap. Diom. p. 395 P. (Trag. Rel. p. 98 Rib.); so,

    te absolvam brevi,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 30.
    B.
    To dismiss by paying, to pay off:

    absolve hunc vomitum... quattuor quadraginta illi debentur minae,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 120; so Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 13 and 18.—Hence, in gen., to dismiss, to release:

    jam hosce absolutos censeas,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 43;

    and ironic.,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 73.
    C.
    To free from (Ciceronian): ut nec Roscium stipulatione alliget, neque a Fannio judicio se absolvat, extricate or free himself from a lawsuit, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12:

    longo bello,

    Tac. A. 4, 23: caede hostis se absolvere, to absolve or clear one's self by murdering an enemy, id. G. 31.—With gen.:

    tutelae,

    Dig. 4, 8, 3; hence,
    D.
    In judicial lang., t. t., to absolve from a charge, to acquit, declare innocent; constr. absol., with abl., gen., or de (Zumpt, § 446;

    Rudd. 2, 164 sq.): bis absolutus,

    Cic. Pis. 39:

    regni suspicione,

    Liv. 2, 8: judex absolvit injuriarum eum, Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29 al.:

    de praevaricatione absolutus,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 16.—In Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 22: hic (Dionem) Veneri absolvit, sibi condemnat, are dativi commodi: from the obligation to Venus he absolves him, but condemns him to discharge that to himself (Verres).—With an abstract noun: fidem absolvit, he acquitted them of their fidelity (to Otho), pardoned it, Tac. H. 2, 60.
    E.
    In technical lang., to bring a work to a close, to complete, finish (without denoting intrinsic excellence, like perficere; the fig. is prob. derived from detaching a finished web from the loom; cf.:

    rem dissolutam divulsamque,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 188).—So of the sacrificial cake:

    liba absoluta (as taken from the pan),

    ready, Varr. R. R. 2, 8;

    but esp. freq. in Cic.: ut pictor nemo esset inventus, qui Coae Veneris eam partem, quam Apelles inchoatam reliquisset, absolveret,

    Cic. Off. 3, 2 (cf. Suet. Claud. 3); id. Leg. 1, 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 45; cf. id. Fin. 2, 32, 105; id. Fam. 1, 9, 4; id. Att. 13, 19 al.—So in Sallust repeatedly, both with acc. and de, of an historical statement, to bring to a conclusion, to relate:

    cetera quam paucissumis absolvam, J. 17, 2: multa paucis,

    Cic. Fragm. Hist. 1, n. 2:

    de Catilinae conjuratione paucis absolvam,

    id. Cat. 4, 3; cf.:

    nunc locorum situm, quantum ratio sinit, absolvam,

    Amm. 23, 6.— Hence, absŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., brought to a conclusion, finished, ended, complete (cf. absolvo, E.).
    A.
    In gen.:

    nec appellatur vita beata nisi confecta atque absoluta,

    when not completed and concluded, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 87; cf.:

    perfecte absolutus,

    id. ib. 4, 7, 18; and:

    absolutus et perfectus per se,

    id. Part. Or. 26, 94 al. — Comp., Quint. 1, 1, 37.— Sup., Auct. ad Her. 2, 18, 28; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 74; Tac. Or. 5 al.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    In rhet. lang., unrestricted, unconditional, absolute:

    hoc mihi videor videre, esse quasdam cum adjunctione necessitudines, quasdam simplices et absolutas,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 57, 170.—
    2.
    In gram.
    a.
    Nomen absolutum, which gives a complete sense without any thing annexed, e. g.:

    deus,

    Prisc. p. 581 P.—
    b.
    Verbum absolutum, in Prisc. p. 795 P., that has no case with it; in Diom. p. 333 P., opp. inchoativum.—
    c.
    Adjectivum absolutum, which stands in the positive, Quint. 9, 3, 19.— Adv.: absŏlūtē, fully, perfectly, completely (syn. perfecte), distinctly, unrestrictedly, absolutely, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38; 5, 18, 53; id. Fin. 3, 7, 26; id. Top. 8, 34 al.— Comp., Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 15.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > absolvo

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